TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is associated with insulin resistance, and may be the cellular instigator in the progression to Type II diabetes. Incidence of insulin resistance is higher in most Native American (NA) populations, but little is known about their cellular indicators. We examined TNF-α serum levels in NA college students who were matched by body mass index (BMI) to Caucasian (CA) peers. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and percent body...